In the past 10 years, evolutionary policy approaches have been increasingly advocated.
In this paper we assess the theoretical rationale, instrumental aspects and the coping with policy constraints of three evolutionary policy approaches which have also been used in empirical studies: strategic niche management, transition management and time strategies.
The societal goal can be explicitly political, such as getting the government to adopt pro-creationist or anti-evolutionary policies.
This does not alter the authors' adherence to all Evolutionary Applications policies on sharing data and materials.
The mechanisms that facilitate the establishment and spread of invasive pests are of particular interest to ecologists, evolutionary biologists and policy makers for a number of reasons; agricultural pests are responsible for substantial yield losses in agricultural systems, and there are considerable economic incentives to understand mechanisms of pest invasions.
The findings of the MLB analysis, which includes the evolutionary timeline of the policy, as well as a discussion of the pertinent policy windows, precedes a similar analysis with respect to the CCB.
Though not a scientist, Willetts noted he has drawn on research topics such as game theory, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology in his policy writings.
A detailed analysis of such goals reveals numerous opportunities to introduce policy-relevant evolutionary thinking (summarized in Table 2).
For the classification of technology policy in an evolutionary framework the taxonomy of mission- and diffusion-oriented policy design introduced by Ergas [Ergas, H. (1987), The importance of technology policy, in: Dasgupta, P., Stoneman, P. (eds)., Economic Policy and Technological Performance, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.] is useful.
Their review shows numerous opportunities for the integration of evolutionary knowledge into several sectoral policies of direct relevance for biodiversity – including nature conservation, fisheries, agriculture, water resources, spatial planning and climate change.
The Fed would have an opportunity to discuss this in its upcoming policy meetings in the context of evolutionary steps to strengthen its forward policy guidance, an initiative that Yellen has spearheaded.
