Sentence examples for evolutionary fluctuation from inspiring English sources

The highly conserved miRNA may experience critical and severe selection during evolutionary fluctuation with multiple and complex gene expansion and frequent mutation, but important functional need ensured great selection advantage through the whole complex evolutionary history.

For example, the complex miR-17 family was not detected in some lower animals (such as Caenorhabditis and Capitella) but only found in some vertebrates, which revealed the miRNA might be lost selection advantage and gotten rid of in some lower bilaterian animals or derived other miRNA gene with loss of original gene during evolutionary fluctuation history.

Finally, miRNAs are considered one of the largest gene families [2], [32], [33] and are dictated by individual as well as interactive effects of multiple evolutionary forces from genes and environments during evolutionary fluctuation history, such as mutation, recombination, duplication, and random genetic drift.

Recent miRNA haplotypes derived directly or indirectly from original haplotypes that maybe the most ancestral haplotypes or the lost haplotypes because of random genetic drift and evolutionary fluctuation at DNA level, which would adapt to the specialized miRNA biogenesis machinery [34] and co-evolve with the complex regulatory networks toward a strong evolutionary pressure.

The first is an element of the neomuran theory of eukaryote origins [ 105, 106] called "quantum evolution" [ 107], a kind of gene-class-and-lineage-specific evolutionary rate fluctuation that is assumed without logical penalties to explain any pattern of observed sequence similarity (or lack thereof).

However, when either of these two evolutionary forces (local fluctuation in fitness or dispersal cost) predominates, the effect of kin selection seems to be overshadowed.

To adjust for the inevitable fluctuation of evolutionary rates, nonparametric [17], [18], local clock [29], [30], and hierarchical Bayesian [31] methods have been developed.

Overall, our results provide further insights into the evolutionary dynamics of genome fluctuation and implicate HGT as a major factor contributing to the diversification of P. syringae lineages.

He is the coauthor of Symmetry and Collective Fluctuations in Evolutionary Games and The Origin and Nature of Life on Earth.

These methods are robust against stochastic fluctuations of evolutionary rates [31] [33].

Despite wide fluctuations and evolutionary turnover of transcription factor binding events between mouse and human [23], it has been proposed that conserved genomic occupancy of a transcription factor binding can enrich for functionally relevant regulatory connections [24].