Exact(21)
The accrued benefit gained from processing information can be precisely quantified by comparing benefits returned using distributions prior to, and after collapse, and these often large and immediate benefits can amply justify the evolutionary cost of information processing systems.
Because males do not produce offspring of their own, selfing populations avoid what biologists call 'the evolutionary cost of males.'".
PPM attempts to measure the evolutionary cost of transforming one structure into another by means of residue substitutions, insertions and deletions, thus emulating amino acid sequence comparison using amino acid exchange matrices and gap penalties [23].
In other words, a form of an evolutionary cost of immune defence.
We also demonstrate a weak evolutionary cost of resistance, but fail to detect any cost of tolerance.
Thus, stress caused by environmental conditions, by other insecticides, or by parasitic infection can affect the expression and the evolutionary cost of resistance.
Similar(39)
In addition to offsetting the evolutionary costs of toxicity, conspicuousness provides other benefits to amphibians.
Evolutionary costs of deployment indicate that genotypes vary in cost of immune system induction.
Evolutionary costs of deployment are present if genotypes vary in the physiological cost experienced.
Lastly, we did not find overwhelming evidence of evolutionary costs of immunological deployment.
There are no previous attempts to evaluate evolutionary costs of immunological deployment.
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