Evolutionary problem categorization, problem solving, and expertise are linked, as indicated by the significant associations among representative measures (Fig. 1, Table 3).
Table 1 Item features used by experts and novices to classify evolutionary problems Categorization feature Feature level Expert feature frequency Expert using feature Novice feature frequency Novices using feature Structure of evolutionary comparison (ancestor descendant vs. intraspecific, etc).
Remarkably, some novices exhibited expert-like evolutionary problem categorization and solving abilities within the first year of their academic careers (see also Smith 1983, for similar findings in the domain of genetics).
Categorization of genes according to protein class was done using PANTHER (Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships) Classification Systems [ 32].
For discussion of evolutionary explanations of racial categorization, see Machery & Faucher (2005).
It is also important to recognize that r/K selection theory proposes not a qualitative categorization of evolutionary outcomes but instead proposes a continuous gradient of relative contributions of r-selected and K-selected traits for any given species.
During the CST, two scorers independently documented and subsequently verified 24 different evolutionary sort rules or problem categorization features that were employed by expert and novice participants (see Table 1 for a complete list).
Cluster assignment is a simplification of evolutionary history for ease in categorization.
Additional phylogenetically informed, comparative analyses in other Gossypium species and related outgroups will improve our understanding of miRNA categorization, genesis, and subsequent evolutionary fate.
Earlier studies on the categorization of groundwater facies and chemical evolutionary history employed graphical presentations of major-ion composition of groundwater (Piper 1944; Stiff 1951; Schoeller 1965; Hem 1989).
