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In particular, we resolved the orthology and evolutionary birth order of all arthropod GATA homologs including the highly divergent Drosophila GATA genes.
From our analysis, we infer the evolutionary birth order and relationships among vertebrate GATA transcription factors, and define their expansion via multiple rounds of whole genome duplication events.
By comparing the differential pattern of gene loss versus gain between the GATA paralogons within and among these vertebrate species, we infer the evolutionary birth order of the GATA paralogons by determining the most parsimonious pattern of ohnolog retention.
The observed synteny, as well as the pattern of intron losses and gains of the arthropod GATA factors, also provide an explicit mechanism for gene expansion via tandem-duplication and suggest an evolutionary birth order for the GATA genes during the expansion from one ancestral to four GATA456 homologs in arthropods.
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The difference in the number of alpha and beta genes has been attributed to an evolutionary birth-and-death process in which new MHC genes have been created by repeated gene duplication, with some duplicate genes subsequently being deleted or becoming nonfunctional through the accumulation of deleterious mutations [7].
Evolutionary diversification, like birth, is the means by which the biosphere renews itself following each extinction event.
It further acknowledges that industries consist of firms producing products that are close substitutes for one another and that regional industries follow an evolutionary process from birth to death or transformation and renewal.
This hypothesis is corroborated by the fact that these three subfamilies appeared during the evolutionary transition giving birth to the Dikarya fungi (unpublished results).
Binary presence/absence data for each of the miRNA families were used allowing us to obtain an estimate of the evolutionary time of birth for each of the miRNA families in our dataset.
Underlying our hypotheses is the assumption that, from an evolutionary perspective, shorter birth intervals and an increase in child survival rates increase the fitness of women and the inclusive fitness of kin (Morgan and King 2001).
The diverse IRI-like genes identified in this study tell a tale of a complex evolutionary history including birth of an ice binding domain, a burst of gene duplication events after cold tolerant grasses radiated from rice, protein domain structure differentiation between paralogs, and sub- and/or neofunctionalisation of IRI-like proteins.
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