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The complexity of cell death induction by antiviral Tc cells in virus-infected cells may thus reflect the evolutionary balance achieved between pathogen and host, in which the former needs to replicate sufficiently to ensure further spread, yet not enough to kill its host prematurely.
Both effects decrease the benefit of carrying the genes responsible for resistance and might therefore tip the evolutionary balance toward maintaining sensitivity.
Restored sensitivity (i.e., smaller evolutionary benefit of carrying resistance genes) and increased cost of resistance in the absence of exposure can shift the evolutionary balance to a degree that resistance disappears from the population.
To be a successful pathogen, an evolutionary balance between the morphological adaptation and the biosynthesis of virulence factors with their potential detrimental impacts on pathogen fitness and their beneficial influence on pathogenesis or antimicrobial resistance must be established.
We use a mathematical model to show that, despite the intense selection pressure imposed by insecticides, moderate levels of stress might tip the evolutionary balance between costs and benefits of resistance toward maintaining sensitivity.
While it is possible that the four-way division is an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) and in evolutionary balance, it is also possible that the distribution is inherently unstable, because the two sexes are in conflict over the optimal balance between mating and parental investment.
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Liu, L. & Kumar, S. Evolutionary balancing is critical for correctly forecasting disease associated amino acid variants.
The correct way to think about senescence is that it's an evolutionary balancing act.
The appearance of these mice represents a sort of laboratory-created evolutionary balancing act, following by several years the creation of enhanced cats.
For example, elliptical eggs probably originated in reptiles, and may represent an evolutionary balancing act between large egg volumes required by precocial offspring, and a limited oviduct or pelvic opening that constrains egg girth.
When the team looked at the chromosomes of more than 1000 people from populations around the world, they concluded that the prevalence of two of these variations was due to an evolutionary balancing act that had kept them in the gene pool for as long as 500,000 years.
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