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Since insects are unable to synthesize cholesterol de novo, an appealing way to explain this evolutionary acceleration is that ERGp orthologs have other biological functions in addition to sterol synthesis.
Several hypotheses have been proposed, including the evolutionary acceleration of genes involved in the control of fine motor control, such as the FOXP2 gene, which is also mutated in human-specific forms of language production impairment [20], [42].
Specifically, we estimated the enrichment of PFO vs. PT genes in several collections of CNSs that were recently identified on the basis of unique patterns of evolutionary acceleration in the human lineage, the so-called HAR or haCNS elements [18], [19].
No trend of evolutionary acceleration or retardation was observed.
This evolutionary acceleration may have been triggered by a plasmid insertion into J. libera mtDNA, as discussed earlier.
It may be possible that anomalous characters, such as the split genes, are side products of that evolutionary acceleration and genome reduction.
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In support of a hypothesis involving selection for overall oxidative metabolic function, the accelerated rates of molecular evolution in snakes appear to depend greatly on gene function, with most ND subunits accelerating only slightly and occasionally, while COX, ATP, CytB, and rRNA evolutionary accelerations are dramatic and punctuated.
The duplication might have occurred after the Drosophila- Sophophora subgenus split, followed by evolutionary rate acceleration.
Post-duplication evolutionary rate acceleration has been revealed primarily through sequence comparisons between duplicated genes.
This gene was detected by the MK test and also displayed significant human-specific evolutionary rate acceleration.> -wrap-foot> McDonald-Kreitmantest test; BS test: branch-site test; accelerated: showing human-specific evolutionary rate acceleration.
Branch-specific evolutionary rate acceleration can be caused by positive selection, decreased purifying selection, or a combination of both factors.
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