We have shown previously that for social traits with a strong phylogenetic signal, such as social organization or dispersal patterns, it is possible to infer models of evolution, transition rates between states and ancestral states at nodes on the primate phylogeny.
This definition embodies the process of evolution and transitions between character states as a natural probabilistic phenomenon dependent upon the rules of population genetics, molecular biology, and biophysical chemistry.
As the emergence of the entire C4 phenotype cannot be comprehensively explored experimentally, C4 photosynthesis is an ideal system for the mathematical modelling of complex trait evolution as transitions on an underlying phenotype landscape.
The rapid evolution of 'Transition Towns' and their diffusion across Europe is a striking example of the latter aspect [7].
Mapping of an important life-history character (amphidromy) revealed two separate instances of trait evolution, a transition that has occurred repeatedly in Cottus.
Gaining insight into the structure evolution of transition-metal phosphides during anodic oxidation is significant to understand their oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanism, and then design high-efficiency transition metal-based catalysts.
The evolution of transition from MCD to UNCD using focused plasma jet and induced effects on the optical transparency and mechanical properties of the as-grown diamond films were investigated.
An experimental study on flow patterns for water boiling in horizontal heated tubes was conducted to observe the evolution and transition of flow patterns while controlling various parameters, such as heat flux, mass velocity, and tube diameter.
As a bonus, because we are all so invested in each others evolution, the transition to becoming close friends has been a seamless one.
On the time-scales of evolution, the transition from unicellular to multicellular life in Volvox is thus a quite recent occurrence when compared to other shifts to multicellularity.
To estimate the relative timing of origins, diversification, body form evolution and transition in habitat, Bayesian molecular dating methods were implemented in BEAST v1.5.2 (Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees) [ 111].
