Sentence examples for evolution rates estimated from inspiring English sources

These values are in average twice as low as previous evolution rates estimated by Chevaldonné et al. [50] and Johnson et al. [51] for other hydrothermal invertebrates using the mtCO1 gene.

With short-term C difficile evolution rates estimated from serial sampling of 91 patients with samples taken between 1 and 561 days apart at 2.3 SNVs/genome/year (95% credibility interval 1.6 3.0).

Values for T were calculated using an evolution rate estimated at 4.4% per Myr [ 21].

Evolution rate estimates revealed that about 15%and6%6% sites– for branch D1a and branch D1b, respectively – evolved under positive selection.

Gene evolution rates were estimated here by the GC content of genes instead of by non-synonymous substitution rates (Ka), since both parameters are highly correlated in Buchnera.

If evolution rates could be estimated in a defensible and consistent manner, the implication of the neutral theory might be tested by comparing estimates conditioned on essentiality.

This, together with the divergence time of the entire macro-haplogroup T, only 16.0 ky obtained by using a constant mtDNA sequence evolution rate and an estimated bifurcation between yak and bison versus cattle of 2 million years [9], agrees with a single B. taurus domestication event in the Fertile Crescent, followed by spread with the migrations of farmers and pastoralists.

The evolution rate K was estimated to be 0.16 base/day, which is similar to the reported evolution rate of HIV-1 virus [ 10].

Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA), evolution rates, and population dynamics were estimated using a serial coalescent-based approach, and different demographic histories were reconstructed for the two clades.

In this study, we estimated gene evolution rates from the GC content of genes instead of from the non-synonymous substitution rates (Ka) as the two parameters are highly correlated in the AT-rich genome of Buchnera, and because the GC content allows for estimations of the two orphan genes of Buchnera.

To estimate demand, demography evolution, rates of edentulousness, patterns of dental attendance and treatment rates of older people, as well as general dental service treatment times, are considered.