The model applies multi-scale stress and local fracture mechanics analyses to distinguish between two microscopic damage mechanisms, which govern the damage evolution, as well as determining the magnitude of the damage evolution rate associated with each microscopic damage mechanism.
In this paper we have examined the temporal evolution of magnetic helicity change rate associated with three X-class eruptive flares that occurred on November 24, 2000.
Thus, these two independent drivers of accelerated evolution in apicomplexans would further confound efforts to measure relative evolutionary rate associated with adaption to parasitism.
Since both tissue-specific enhancers and enhancers near highly expressed genes have been associated with fast evolution rates due to natural selection, these biases could also contribute to the rapid evolution of embryonic heart enhancers.
High gene expression levels have been associated with slow sequence evolution rates in yeast [ 16] and eukaryotes [ 17].
10%TiO2/ZSM-5 and 20%TiO2/SBA-15 proved the most active photocatalysts, exhibiting extraordinary hydrogen evolution rates of 10,000 and 8800 μmol gTiO2−1 h−1 under full arc, associated with high external quantum efficiencies of 12.6% and 5.4% respectively under 365 nm irradiation.
stephensi, demonstrated that chromosome arms have different rates of evolution associated with arm-specific genomic features [ 20, 21].
Several of the categories that exhibit increased rates of evolution are associated with metabolism and biosynthesis.
Here, we provide an examination of the evolution of promoter regions in the different lineages pertaining to the two subspecies SD, as well as S. pyogenes, and assess whether different rates of evolution are associated with different metabolic functions or biochemical categories of loci.
Although Kimura was certainly associated with the classical view, I thought that immediate antecedents of his 1968 paper were molecular evolution rates rather than classical-balance arguments.
