Results from these experiments showed a non-uniform evolution of the tip shape, and they also revealed a significant elongation of the tip in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction.
Absolute friction values showed no relation with the evolution of the tip shape, however, suggesting that other factors may have had more significant influences on the measured friction.
Neutron diffraction was employed to examine the evolution of crack-tip residual stress fields during constant-amplitude cyclic loading and during fatigue crack growth following the overload.
The near-tip stresses are quantified during both the loading and unloading phases of the fatigue cycle, as well as during various stages of crack advance, in an attempt to establish a link between the evolution of near-tip stress fields and the advance of the fatigue crack.
There's a social element to it as well as it's an evolution of the "Tips" area.
Notably, prior work found divergence of gonopodial distal-tip shape between predatory environments in Gambusia (Heinen-Kay and Langerhans 2013), confirming that ecological variation is capable of driving evolution of distal-tip shape.
Some new features of the complicated flow structures, such as the breakdown of the tip leakage vortex, the formation of the compound corner vortex at the rotor suction tip corner, the interactions between the hub stall and the tip separation and the rotor wakes, and the evolutions of the tip corner anti-rotating streamwise vortices inside the stator passage, are revealed.
These measurements detail for the first time at full-scale Reynolds number conditions, the evolution and breakdown of tip vortices that are characteristic of the near wake and the turbulent mixing and entrainment of more energised flow that are distinctive in the far wake.
The crack tip position and the evolution of the near-tip strains normal to the crack plane were tracked at selected positions for a growing fatigue crack both on the specimen surface using DIC and in the bulk of the specimen using EDXD of synchrotron X-rays.
We focus here on the kinematics of crack propagation by looking at the spatio-temporal evolution of both the tip of the main crack and the cavity ahead.
