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These findings have substantially enriched the available collection of ssDNA virus genomes, but more importantly, have changed the existing picture of the evolution of this class of viruses.
Similarly, bacterial pathogens expressing sialic acids can engage CD33rSiglecs (Carlin et al., 2009; Chang et al., 2014) and might therefore represent strong driving forces for evolution of this class of receptors (Varki, 2011).
In particular, transposons are recognized as one of the factors that drive gene duplication and amplification events that are at the basis of the evolution of this class of genes [ 26].
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The fact that NNRTI resistance shown no association with the temporal length of antiretroviral treatment can be explained by the characteristic pattern of resistance evolution of this antiretroviral class, whose use can be compromised by a single substitution leading to cross resistance [ 29].
The evolution of the class Mammalia has produced tremendous diversity in form and habit.
New investigations on systematics and evolution of the class Scyphozoa and the phylum Cnidaria.
This indicates that the evolution of Class II and Class III happened in the ancestor of angiosperms, or at least prior to the split of monocots and dicots.
However, the evolution of the class-4 coronins rather seems to be determined by gene-loss events.
Evolution of these classes could be quite cryptic due to the high rate of evolution and gene loss in the invertebrates [ 48- 51].
Because of this, in order to study the evolution of this quickly evolving class of genes, we considered every C2H2 ZF that is present in the human genome.
We have investigated adaptive evolution in this class of genes in the human parasite Trypanosoma brucei, as indicated by the ratio of non-synonymous (amino-acid changing) to synonymous (amino acid retaining) nucleotide substitution rates.
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