We used GAM to graphically display the relationship between each predictor and evolution of COPD, the selected outcome of interest [ 25].
The oxygen evolution capacity of the selected strains was measured on TAP liquid cell cultures, containing 15±2 mg l−1 chlorophyll, at 24°C using a Clark-type oxygen electrode (Chlorolab 2, Hansatech, Instr. Ltd, Norfolk, UK) in the presence of 10 mM NaHCO3 [51] as an additional carbon source.
On the basis of the obtained results, the correlation between power supply parameters, gas composition and temporal evolution of the relative concentrations of the selected active species was determined.
We use this to assess if the rates of the evolution of sexually selected traits and speciation have been excessively high within the birds-of-paradise, as well as to re-interpret biogeographical patterns in the group.
We use this i) to asses if the speciation rate and the evolution of sexually selected traits have been excessively high in the polygynous core birds-of-paradise, and ii) to examine biogeographical patterns and analyze the geographical differentiation in relation to sexually selected traits.
Changes in allele frequencies at LN and SN were compared to quantify the hitch-hiking effect, i.e. whether the evolution of a selected locus (QTL) may alter the dynamics of many closely linked loci in comparison to neutral loci [ 26].
This study confirmed, on an experimental basis, that modelling is an efficient approach to make useful predictions of the evolution of selected populations although the basic assumptions considered in the models (polygenic additive model, normality of the distribution, base population at the equilibrium, etc).
This result could also be explained by the sensory exploitation hypothesis, predicting that the evolution of sexually selected traits is influenced by some pre-existing sensory biases [72].
But the assumption that costs and benefits trade off in an additive fashion is not valid for the survival cost – reproduction benefit tradeoff that is assumed to mediate the evolution of sexually selected signals.
