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Looking at the evolution of the polymerase rates of the forward and reverse polymerizing organisms, it is apparent that the selective pressure on polymerase rate is greater when there is competition involved at low temperatures.
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However, this potentially could be explained by relatively (with respect to cellular homologs) fast evolution of the polymerases in various viral lineages, which would obscure their common origin.
To further elucidate the molecular evolution of the RpoT polymerases in the plant kingdom and to get more insight into the potential importance of having more than one phage-type RNA polymerase (RNAP) available, we searched for the respective genes in the basal angiosperm Nuphar advena.
It has been suggested that the involvement of adenine-rich tails in RNA degradation prompted the later evolution of polyadenylate polymerases (the enzymes that produce poly(A) tails with no other nucleotides in them).
Krupovic M, Bamford DH: Does the evolution of viral polymerases reflect the origin and evolution of viruses?
We speculate that this incompatibility is caused by an independent evolution of the FluA and FluB polymerase proteins.
Evolution of DNA polymerases, the key enzymes of DNA replication and repair, is central to any reconstruction of the history of cellular life.
Evolution of the eukaryotic B-family polymerases seems to have involved several previously unnoticed events.
There are two possible mechanisms for microsatellite evolution: slippage of the DNA polymerase and unequal crossing-over.
This preference, a possible consequence of the evolution of AP-NHEJ polymerases from the AEP family, reflects a catalytic plasticity that was also acquired during evolution of eukaryotic NHEJ polymerases (Pol X family), such as Polμ (Nick McElhinney and Ramsden, 2003; Ruiz et al., 2003; Martin et al., 2012).
The only conclusion we can draw from this observation is that the selective pressure on mutation rate is sufficiently rigid enough to make the spontaneous hydrolysis penalty a negligible influence on the evolution of polymerase rate.
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