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The increasing involvement of IS 6100 with the lin genes may indicate the beginning of a second phase in the evolution of the pathway.
Perforin is a critical protein in the granule-exocytosis pathway of CLs, therefore tracing the evolution of this gene yields insights into the evolution of the pathway itself (discussed below).
Moreover, we reconstructed the potential ancestral abilities of sterol production in the LECA and the subsequent evolution of the pathway over the eukaryotic tree, which appears to have occurred by tinkering, mainly by gene losses.
The individual reactions and their phylogenetic origins are shown in greater detail in Figure 2. The evolution of the pathway provides an example for the contribution of the compartalization of the eukaryotic cell to the appearance of novel extracellular molecules, and to their further specification in the tissues of high-animals.
Moreover, it has been proposed that the ancestral pathway made cycloartenol as a final product and that the rising concentrations of oxygen in the atmosphere would have led to an evolution of the pathway beyond cycloartenol toward more stable sterol compounds (Ourisson and Nakatani 1994).
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The requirement for few novel biosynthetic steps may have assisted in the initial evolution of this pathway in the Caryophyllales.
In order to understand the evolution of this pathway, here we characterize the origins and evolution of perforin.
This would provide a more precise picture of the evolution of this pathway and greatly increase our knowledge of archaeal evolution.
The impact of HGT on the evolution of these pathways at the phylum level is difficult to estimate due to the complexity of our dataset.
Study on trehalose synthesis in apicomplexans would not only shed new light into the evolution of this pathway, but also provide data for exploring this pathway as novel drug target.
In particular, we wanted to assess the role that gene duplication and functional divergence has played in the evolution of this pathway.
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