Sentence examples for evolution of microsatellites from inspiring English sources

We performed coalescent simulations under the standard neutral model (SNM) with a stepwise mutational model to simulate the evolution of microsatellites [20], [22].

Because of the higher number of mitotic cell divisions in male than in female germ lines, it is plausible to expect that evolution of microsatellites, to some extent, is male-driven [ 14, 15].

As studies on evolution of microsatellites are gaining renewed attention with the advent of high-throughput DNA sequencing and whole-genome sequences, the present study was initiated as an effort to gain insights into the motif mismatch patterns of microsatellites of insects as well as specific non-insect eukaryotes.

The use of these characters was to reconstruct the evolution of microsatellite repeats within the Polistinae subfamily.

In both software packages the two-phased model (TPM) was chosen as it provided the best fit for the evolution of microsatellite markers [ 55].

With such an effort, we will be able to deeply obtain evolutionary insights into mutation and evolution of microsatellite loci in cultivated rice species and wild relatives.

This may have occurred through the same mechanism as was found in the evolution of microsatellite repeats, where large-range mutations (duplication or deletion of a larger number of repeats through unequal crossing-over) occur infrequently, while small-step mutations (one repeat longer or shorter due to slippage) are frequent [ 20].

Genetic differentiation measured by STRs could be lowered because of the specific mutation process driving the evolution of microsatellite loci, which can produce alleles identical in state but not identical by descent, thereby rubbing out the effect of genetic drift [ 57- 60].

By identifying and comparing the genomic sequence and repeat structure of orthologous human and chimpanzee PCR amplicons that underlie the genotypes in the largest human-chimpanzee microsatellite dataset of its kind to date, our study provides new insights into the parallel evolution of orthologous microsatellites used in population-genetic studies for over a decade.

The phylogenetic regression showed no relationship between microsatellite abundance or microsatellite length and phylogeny, suggesting evolution of these microsatellite characters was random.

We assumed that the matrix columns, corresponding to microsatellite loci, were independent and identically distributed (iid) and that evolution of each microsatellite absence/presence followed a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) on the state space {0,1} with infinitesimal generator where λ and μ are birth and death rates, respectively.