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In order for the evolution of compensation to facilitate the loss of these genes, DC cannot be a purely locally acting phenomenon (i.e., cis changes to the promoter of a particular gene).
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Unfortunately, most of these studies investigated taxa with comparatively old sex chromosome systems, which may limit insights into the evolution of dosage compensation and thus into the causes of different compensation strategies.
So while we typically diagnose dosage compensation by comparing the expression levels of sex-linked loci between sexes, the evolution of dosage compensation reflects selective processes concerning the X A ratio within each sex.
Several factors might influence the evolution of dosage compensation and sex-biased gene expression, such as the concentration of genes on a chromosome that require dosage compensation and the strength of divergent selection between the sexes (Livernois et al. 2012).
And because the ZW system of chromosomes evolved before the XY, he notes, the study may provide important clues to the evolution of dosage compensation.
Our results illustrate the differences of XCI mechanism between humans and mice, and highlight the importance of addressing the issue of imprinted XCI in other species in order to understand the evolution of dosage compensation in placental mammals.
In light of our data, it will be important to address the issue of imprinted XCI in other Eutherians in order to understand the evolution of dosage compensation in placental mammals.
There may therefore be two major stages in the evolution of dosage compensation mechanisms.
In principle, evolution of dosage compensation could also act at the level of mRNA stability and decay.
Studying additional taxa with independently formed sex chromosomes should help to identify general principles driving the evolution of dosage compensation.
More ZW and lepidopteran species should now be examined in a phylogenetic framework, to understand the evolution of dosage compensation.
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