Over the course of the experiment, we observed rapid and parallel evolution of colony size diversity within microcosms.
During propagation, we monitored the evolution of colony size diversity within microcosms by assessing the colony sizes of different genotypes from each microcosm every second day.
Therefore, we expected larger contributions of chance to the evolution of mean colony size and colony size diversity, which would result in less parallel evolution among independent microcosms.
With further evolution of the colonies (7 14 days after seeding), the round fringe cells kept proliferating, piled up on top of the colonies (Fig. 5; see also Fig. 4B), and eventually (10 20 days after seeding) converted into bridge-like ductal structures while the inner epithelial parts lost their nuclei and then degenerated completely (results not shown).
Indeed, our working hypothesis is that the advantage of cooperative defense against competitors is a major driver of the evolution of social colonies among these reef shrimp.
FROM BACTERIA TO CANCER Austin had been studying the evolution of bacterial colonies exposed to antibiotics and saw a connection with the way cancers rapidly evolve resistance to therapies.
Often, though, they are not, particularly when the dynamical system is real-world, for example the evolution of a colony's population, the density of a chemical in a solution or the way the weather alters.
We performed a selection experiment in a two-resource environment to assess the repeatability of different instances of adaptive radiations and the relative contributions of chance and adaptation to the evolution of fitness, mean colony size and colony size diversity.
Using a specially designed device called TRAC (titanium ring for alvinellid colonization), we described the evolution of newly formed colonies.
They will then pass this trait to their offsprings, which will result in the evolution of fully resistant colonies.
