The fossil record suggests that the optimization of the forelimb towards a fully erect, parasagittally-swinging column was not an exaptation that allowed gigantism, but evolved in parallel (Remes, 2008), and that this parallel evolution was necessary for sauropods to attain a multi-tonne body mass.
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In the proposed carcinogenesis model, cellular adaptations to these environmental selection forces drive additional somatic evolution that is necessary for formation of an invasive cancer.
Furthermore, the novel copy takes longer to reach the new stationary rate of evolution than is necessary for the old copy to return to the preduplication rates.
However, the reservoir experiences significant shear-enhanced compaction during production, indicating that the time evolution of anisotropy is necessary for the characterization of compacting reservoirs.
Knowledge of how the raw material for evolution is produced is necessary for a full understanding of several fundamental evolutionary concepts.
This has important implications for our understanding of the evolution of robustness, since polymorphism is necessary for evolution (via either natural selection or random drift) to occur.
As of 2006, research is ongoing regarding whether hybridization is an accidental consequence of evolution or if it is necessary for the creation and evolution of plant species; it has been argued that contemporary studies are part of an intellectual lineage that started with the work of Stebbins and Anderson.
For example, the model can falsify any hypothesis about network evolution that claims that a particular functional constraint is necessary for the evolution of a network feature, because no constraints other than the growth process and module connectivity restrictions are placed on the process.
In sum, it can be concluded that the entire traditional conceptualization of sex needs to be changed: a) Sex is necessary for evolution, it is not a "bonus".
