Models of evolution are indicated in the Figure legends.
This idea can be combined with prey-predator co-evolution, which is indicated by the evolution of shells, burrowing and hard mouth parts (e.g. Vermeij 1989; Conway Morris and Bengtson 1994; Dzik 2007).
Positive selection, neutral evolution and purifying selection is indicated by ω>1, ω = 1 and ω<1 respectively.
The likely occurrence of adaptive evolution for a given gene is indicated by a Ka/Ks value greater than 1 [ 17].
With a reward influence in place, an overall asymmetry is introduced, corresponding to the reward effect – the time-evolution of the mean reward effect is indicated by the green curve in each panel of the top row of Figure 9.
Convergent evolution of smashers and their presence in Mesozoic times is indicated by certain traces on ammonites [ 24].
Purifying selection is indicated by ω <1, whereas ω =1 implies neutral evolution and ω >1 indicates positive selection [ 33].
That is indicated by the theme, "You.
The remnant region is indicated by arrows.
It is indicated by the letters "HDMI".
Defect evolution trends are indicated by a red arrow for annealing in Zn atmosphere and by a blue arrow for annealing in air.
