These data, together with an appreciation that early vertebrate evolution was characterised by extensive genetic, developmental and morphological innovation facilitated by multiple whole genome duplications [ 124, 125] will better enable us to reconstruct pancreas evolution.
In tandemly repeated gene families, in which all members share a common function, there is a tendency for concerted evolution that is characterised by homogenisation of gene sequences [ 1].
A mixed quantitative and qualitative approach is used in [13], where the evolution of a model is characterised by comparing different model versions.
During voiced speech, this evolution is slow and is characterised by peak tracks which do not change drastically (over time and space) and thus result in almost parallel looking tracks.
The spatiotemporal evolution of the model is characterised by the phenomenon of self-metastasis (Norton and Massague, 2006), i.e., tumour growth with cluster formation, with only the stem-cell-initiated clusters persisting.
The phenomenon of cathodic hydrogen evolution upon anodically polarised Mg is characterised by the rate of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) increasing with anodic polarisation, a phenomenon called the negative different effect (NDE).
If the evolution of the cultural artifacts is characterised by descent with modification, such analyses would be justified.
The evolution of the system over time is characterised by its Hamiltonian, a representation of the energetic and other properties of the system.
