Coalescent simulations of haplotype diversity (H-test) show that only Hd values for Marchena and Genovesa were significantly lower than expected under neutral evolution in samples from 2004 but not in those from 1991/1993, supporting the occurrence of some severe demographic event between time points (Table 2; see Material and Methods for H-test description).
Variation in the FOXI1 gene sequence was compatible with neutral evolution in samples of Africans, East Asians and Europeans.
The availability of metagenomic sequences allows us to address the study of global patterns of prokaryotic evolution in samples from natural communities.
A temperature-programmed reaction of soot/catalyst mixtures under inert conditions confirms the above-mentioned findings by showing augmented CO2 evolution in milled sample compared to a conventional sample.
This research investigated the knowledge of the complex concept of evolution in a sample (n=1108) of final-year high school students of Rome.
A phylogenetic analysis of phallus length evolution in this sample of 16 waterfowl species indicated that large phallus size has evolved independently and convergently in at least three lineages: stiff-tailed ducks (e.g. Oxyura), dabbling ducks (e.g. Anas) and diving ducks (e.g. Clangula) (Figure 4).
If KA is predicted solely by nucleotide usage, there should be no relationship between the Z score and crossing-over, where Z is the location of an observation relative to the expected mean measured in standard deviations (SDs): If Z is negative, the gene is evolving slower than expected, given the rate of evolution in the sample of pseudoalignments.
Microstructural evolution in the samples was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopes.
The evolution of the microstructural parameters (grain and pore shape, orientation) during densification and their correlation was investigated in films and compared with the morphological evolution in bulk samples.
During freeze-thaw cycles we recorded the evolution of temperature and volumetric strain of a specimen for each stone and after the freeze-thaw cycles, the weathering evolution in stone samples was monitored by measurement of different physical and mechanical parameters (porosity, P-wave velocity, fracture toughness, compressive strength and elastic static modulus).
