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Evolution in either case is a process in which gene variants change in proportion from one generation to the next.
Foundational concepts that can be built upon to understand specific biological evolution concepts are presented in the "By the end of grade 2" and the "By the end of grade 5" categories, but there are no references to biological evolution or any mechanisms of biological evolution in either of these elementary categories (National Research Council 2011, p. 6 15 to 6 21).
Fig. 12 A schematic representation of eye development in cephalopod mollusks (e.g., squid) and vertebrates: these represent the series of stages that occur during the development of individual embryos (proceeding from top to bottom) and should not be confused with the historical path followed during eye evolution in either mollusks or vertebrates.
Without evolution in either predator or prey, the predator goes extinct when additional mortality imposed by environmental change exceeds 0.16 (≈ 0.16; Fig. 2A); adding predator evolution slightly increases the maximum mortality at which the predator can persist, due to an increase in y (≈ 0.19: Fig. 2B).
Combining all three tests, we found a total of 165 genes with patterns of adaptive evolution in either the nine- or three-spined stickleback, or both.
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For these virulence factors, it is not clear whether the pathogens picked up their actin nucleators by horizontal gene transfer or by convergent evolution, but in either case it is still striking that bacteria are easily able to nucleate eukaryotic actin filaments but do not seem to have any regulated protein nucleators for their own cytoskeletal filaments.
Our first association model for X and Y, called the undirected joint model, assumes that X and Y coevolve according to the tree such that, throughout the course of evolution, a change in either variable can influence the evolution of the other.
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in either HClO4 or H2SO4 solutions in the pH range between 1 and 4 was studied on the different oxide films.
Version 2.0 introduces a series of new process models, and the ability to operate in one of two modes to track the evolution of stratigraphy in either two or three dimensions.
They both have gone through reductive evolution which resulted in either mitosomes in Giardia (Tovar et al. 2003) or hydrogenosomes in Trichomonas (Dyall et al. 2004).
Repeating the branch-sites analysis failed to provide significant evidence to suggest that an elevated dN/dS ratio associated with adaptive evolution was present in either of the two groups (see Table 5).
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