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The utopian approach did not question the very nature of the mechanisms of the natural evolution as defined by Darwin, as long as it concerned the first nature of man.
Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on protein alignments using Tree Puzzle version 5.2 [ 101] incorporating the predicted model of evolution as defined by ProtTest.
Herein, change over the course of metazoan evolution, as defined by birth/death and duplication/deletion events within protein families and domains, was examined using the proteomes of 9 metazoan and two outgroup species.
Such patterns of convergent evolution (convergent evolution as defined by Arendt and Reznick [2008]) are usually taken as a strong indication for the particular adaptive value of the identified mechanism and/or affected function (Christin et al. 2010; Wake et al. 2011)—irrespective of convergence being due to selection on standing or de novo sequence variation.
By that means, we confirmed AtGS genes that transposed at least once during lineage evolution as defined by Woodhouse et al. and identified further GTDs missed by that approach due to lack of synteny data (i.e., GTDs predating Vitis speciation and recent GTDs of Brassicaceae-specific genes; marked by asterisks in table 2).
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criteria as defined by bank.
(iv) The evolution of mRNA as defined by the passage from the SNS (or GNS) code (Fig. 3) to the NNS code (Fig. 4) might have been highly facilitated if some codons were rarely used on mRNAs.
Our primary outcome measures were the changes in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) during the follow-up period, defined as the proportion of patients who had at least one SIRS criterion on each day of follow-up, and the evolution of inflammation, as defined by trends in CRP and WCC.
Since the distribution of the glnA sequences (as seen in Figure 1) reflects the evolution of phylum Actinobacteria as defined by 16S phylogenetic analysis [ 19], it might be argued that there was a sequential acquisition of first glnA4 and later glnA3, rather than a loss of these genes from an actinomycete progenitor.
Thus, they go some way towards identifying what biological networks are, as defined by evolution rather than biologists.
The evolution of metal-silicate equilibration pressures (as defined by evolving magma ocean depths) during Earth's accretion depends strongly on the lifetime of impact-generated magma oceans compared to the time interval between large impacts.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com