Sentence examples for evolution and transfer of from inspiring English sources

More research is needed to determine the exact mechanism of evolution and transfer of novel infectious genes expressing virulence properties and antibiotic resistance in ready-to-eat food.

This work was supported by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [NWO-VENI grant 916.86.044] and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-HEALTH-2011-single-stage) Evolution and Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance (EvoTAR) [grant agreement number 282004].

The mechanism by which VapE affects virulence has not been determined yet, but the presence of an integrase gene XerC (SeseC_01328) immediately upstream of vapE, suggested a role for bacteriophages in the evolution and transfer of these bacterial virulence determinants; i.e., it is possible that exchange of this putative virulence factor with other bacteriophages could take place [ 44].

Despite such a notable lack of success, there has been a resurgence of research on earthquake predictability motivated by better monitoring networks and data on past events, new knowledge of the physics of earthquake ruptures, and a more comprehensive understanding of stress evolution and transfer.

Understanding the origins, evolution, and mechanisms of transfer of resistance elements is vital to our ability to adequately address this public health issue.

It is currently largely unexplored how non-secular effects such as stellar evolution, tidal evolution and mass transfer affect the evolution of hierarchical quadruple systems, or, more generally, in higher-order multiple systems.

Establishing the syntenic relationships among different species offers a valuable tool for understanding their chromosomal evolution and facilitates the transfer of genetic and genome information from a model genome to the species under investigation [ 40].

Over the course of evolution, an extensive transfer of mitochondrial genes has apparently occurred into nuclear DNA.

In other words, viewing metabolic evolution as a transfer of subsets of the metabolic network from one species to another (as in HGT), our results suggest that the typical size of these transferred sets of reactions is approximately five.

A striking example of HGT that affected pathogen evolution is the transfer of the ToxA gene, a host-selective toxin-encoding gene [ 19], from the wheat pathogen Phaeosphaeria nodorum to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis [ 20].

Because of its relatively conservative rate of evolution, and presumed rarity of horizontal transfer due to its functional constraints, the 16S rRNA locus is believed to serve as an accurate marker of recent common ancestry [ 15].