Sentence examples for evolution and somatic from inspiring English sources

As evident from Eq. 1, the frequency of leukemia should closely follow the extent of somatic evolution, and somatic evolution rates, in turn, are dependent on the frequency of functional phenotype-altering mutations, i.e. on the parameters of the mutation rate and DFE.

This we argue is a fundamentally important property of the epigenetic regulatory system that in germ cells plays a pivotal role in evolution and in somatic cells in carcinogenesis.

The cracks in the paradigm of oncogenic mutations and somatic evolution as driving force of tumorigenesis, lucidly exposed by the dynamic heterogeneity of "cancer stem cells" or the diffuse results of cancer genome sequencing projects, indicate the need for a more encompassing theory of cancer that reaches beyond the current proximate explanations based on individual genetic pathways.

One important distinction recognized the dual presentation and evolution of germ lineages and somatic cells.

In total, we demonstrate that aging directly promotes HSC fitness decline and somatic evolution via non-cell-autonomous mechanisms.

GIN is a defining characteristic of cancer (Schmitt et al., 2012) promoting initiation and somatic evolution, in turn, linking to disease progression and therapy resistance.

Here we explore the theoretical limits of the effects of mutations on cellular fitness decline and somatic evolution in HSC pools across human lifespans.

However, as somatic cells are subject to selection at both the animal population and tissue levels, the net DFE of somatic mutations that affects inter-cellular competition and somatic evolution at the tissue level could differ from DFEs typically observed at the animal population level.

We next devised methods to identify subsets of variants of germline origin (i.e., those that were present in the constitutional genome of the founder devil) and those of somatic origin (i.e., those that arose during clonal proliferation of the DFTD lineage) in order to investigate the origin and somatic evolution of the DFTD clone.

Maintenance of tissue microenvironment could therefore be a powerful mechanism suppressing cellular fitness decline and somatic evolution through reproductive ages by impairing the competitive potential of cells with altered genotypes/phenotypes and thus increasing the likelihood of their elimination from a cell population [ 24, 34].

One mechanism that suppresses somatic evolution, and thus neoplasm formation, is the division of tissues into proliferative units with a few somatic stem cells in each unit (Cairns 1975).