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The autosomal CT genes were conserved during evolution and play roles in spermatogenesis, fertilization, and apoptosis in malignant cells [5] [7].
Both of these pathways are highly conserved through evolution and play important roles in development, differentiation and tumorigenesis [ 48, 49].
They are thought to have arisen through distinct waves of duplication during evolution, and play important roles in creating new genes and shaping the genome.
Given the observation that no possible CAAS was identified in TM4, it indicated that this region should be more conserved during evolution, and play important roles in maintaining the fundamental function of NIP aquaporins.
One such biological process is the regulation of gene expression, which is believed to have influenced human evolution and play an important role in diseases (Emilsson et al., 2008; Kudaravalli et al., 2009).
Since the discovery of the first miRNA in 1993 in C. elegans [ 9], thousands of mature miRNAs have been uncovered in several species, suggesting that they appeared early in eukaryotic evolution and play fundamental roles in gene expression control.
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The SUMO conjugation pathway is highly conserved in eukaryotic evolution, and plays many key regulatory roles.
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), one of the main Hsp family members, is highly conserved throughout evolution and plays a key role in protecting cells from environmental insults.
The miRNA stem-loop structure is conserved in evolution, and plays a crucial role throughout miRNA gene maturation processing steps [ 33, 46, 48- 50].
Because SKN-1 is highly conserved throughout evolution and plays a role in metabolism in mammals, this study has important ramifications for age-related diseases in higher organisms.
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is one of the most conserved pathways in organism evolution and plays key roles in embryonic development, cell growth, differentiation, polarity formation, neural development, and carcinogenesis [ 8].
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