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Compared with spastic limbs in SCI patients, there was no significant difference in the tapping force (F 1,8) = 0.692, P = 0.43) needed to evoke reflex responses between the SCI group and the control group across the different joint angles.
While low threshold stimuli can also evoke reflex withdrawal in infants (Cornelissen et al., 2013), this observation confirms that the stimuli applied in this study were detected by the peripheral nervous system and transmitted to the central nervous system.
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Compared with control subjects, MS patients had a significantly lower threshold in tapping force (p =.026), yet their evoked reflex torque was significantly higher (p =.033).
Therefore, a useful measure of hyperactive reflexes was the threshold in tendon tapping force (fth) for evoking reflex responses.
The identity of the afferent nerve fiber subtype that is primarily responsible for evoking reflex coughing has been the subject of much debate.
In this study we performed functional brain imaging on ten healthy participants during inhalational challenge with a nebulized capsaicin solution, the concentration of which was titrated for each individual to produce a modest urge-to-cough without evoking reflex coughing.
Clinical studies, however, demonstrate the fallacy in such an approach; isovolemic hemodilution evokes reflex increases in cardiac output, with the result that oxygen uptake at the tissue level remains constant [ 3].
Our results support these findings by showing that after a 30-min downhill walking exercise, electrically evoked reflex-wave activity was not decreased.
Also, if stimulation of a root did not evoke any reflex response, this root was not divided into rootlets and considered for rhizotomy.
Banic et al. [ 57] could provide objective evidence by quantifying the minimal intensity of transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the sural nerve required to evoke flexion reflex in the biceps femoris.
In an eyeblink conditioning test, repeated paired exposure to an air puff on the cornea (US: unconditioned stimulus), which evokes a reflex blink, and a tone (CS: conditioned stimulus), which by itself does not evoke a blink, results in a blink in response to not only the air puff but also the tone alone (CR: conditioned response) (Domjan 2005).
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