They report in Current Biology that this is the first direct evidence of virus transmission to wild apes from humans; the spread of bacterial and parasitic infections had been noted previously.
CMV end-organ disease has been defined as evidence of virus replication associated with clinical manifestations due to viremia or the invasion of organs such as the lungs, bone marrow, and colon [4].
In contrast, no evidence of virus replication in the lungs was found in mice infected with the WT702 virus.
In summary, seroconversion, viremia, fecal virus shedding or serum liver enzyme elevation were observed in two of nine RH4 group rabbits, suggesting evidence of virus infection and hepatitis.
We found no evidence of virus neutralization by serum and BAL antibodies to N as compared to positive and negative controls (data not shown).
VN04/H5N1 titers in ud-NHBE cells peaked at 24 h post infection with a significant increase in the virus titer (p = 0.006) while there was no convincing evidence of virus replication in VN04/H5N1 virus infected wd-NHBE cells (Figure 5B).
The key difference in the latter method was that evidence of virus neutralization was detected by ELISA in virally infected cells using antibodies to the virus nucleoprotein rather than by observing viral cytopathic effect.
All of the chickens that had been immunized with biologically-derived wt LaSota, rNDV-HA, or rNDV-HAF were completely protected from NDV challenge, with no evidence of virus shedding and without any disease signs (Table 1).
While evidence of virus escape implies NAb selective pressure to a certain extent [10], [12] [13], it has been speculated that post-infection NAbs could exert only a limited suppressive effect on primary HIV replication [14] [16].
In addition, the inferred phylogenies provide evidence of virus persistence in Vietnam for >1 year.
