Thus, any differences in utilisation of adjuvant chemotherapy between the United Kingdom and Europe in the period 1995 1999 can only have had a very minor impact on 5-year survival rates – and there is no firm evidence of lower utilisation in the United Kingdom.
The dialogue was fuelled by some of the participants' international clinical experience of providing conventional care and CTs, as well as evidence of increased utilisation of CTs, and the documented desire for increased collaboration and research on the part of the citizens of Stockholm county [ 16].
As would be expected in anaemia of chronic disease, laboratory indices indicated suppression of endogenous EPO and evidence of impaired iron utilisation.
Thus, real-world studies such as the present study play an important role in terms of providing evidence of actual insulin utilisation.
The Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in the USA has put forward an evaluation scheme for biomarkers, looking at validation (assay performance), qualification (assessment of evidence of association), and utilisation (a description of the context in which the surrogate has utility).
The study provides empirical evidence of the extensive utilisation of temporary agency staff in the South African public health sector, which is illustrated by the high expenditure on nursing agencies in all provinces.
27 Types of evidence utilisation have been described that include strategic citing of academic work (or the lack of it) to provide posthoc justifications for policies, decisions and ideologies.
Historically lactate has been perceived as an end point of glucose metabolism, yet a substantial body of evidence documents the utilisation of lactate to support a variety of cellular changes and functions.
Previous research on models of evidence utilisation (often at a national level) has suggested that decision-makers may use academic research strategically to provide posthoc justifications for policies, actions and inaction.
