The evidence of proxy-ratings appears to contradict the possible assumption that the reported high Qol values are affected by the perspective of the Qol assessment.
Stimulant-positive urines were considered evidence of, or proxy for, ongoing substance abuse and hence a contraindication to prescribing opioids.
The lack of evidence of linkages between proxies of sexual selection and adaptive evolution in Mus is in contrast to prior evidence we have found of sexual selection in primates for Adam2 and Adam18 [ 12].
"What shareholders appear to have witnessed over these directors' tenure, as a close examination of the evidence in this proxy contest makes plain, is an enduring failure of board leadership, and a bewildering lack of accountability for results," I.S.S. said.
Our study does not provide strong evidence that (proxy) ADs have much influence in the last phase of life.
Although relatives have positive experiences with ADs, our study does not provide strong evidence that (proxy) ADs are very influential in the last phase of life.
In our appraisal of generic PROMs, like others, we found poor evidence for reliability of proxy-reports compared to children in many aspects of health [ 32].
In addition, a clinical diagnosis (which for most of the recorded exposures is not supported by laboratory evidence) of UTI is a proxy for a true UTI.
They did, however, show evidence of interaction by a proxy measure of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, wherein the strong inverse associations documented for the lower range of the adiponectin measures held for HOMA-IR values <3.21 but were blunted at higher values.
Conclusions: Participant-proxy agreement across the 6 disability groups provided evidence in support of the inclusion of proxy data for persons with various types of disabilities in community integration research.
However, the authors further concluded the evidence base for all three forms of proxy measure is very limited, due in large part to the use of inappropriate statistical methods, and that direct measures themselves may not be uniformly valid as a gold standard across all aspects of health worker practice.
