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The diffusion process is found to follow the fast theory predictions and self diffusion is seen to be governed by pure reptation with r.o evidence of constraint release.
Ka/Ks values significantly less than 1 were often taken as evidence of constraint.
We find evidence of constraint in the lack of trans-eQTL (fewer than would be expected, based on the comparison to adult mice), the higher sequence conservation and the depletion of regulatory gene ontology terms in the cis-eQTLs.
Given the overall paucity of data on this subject, and the potential tendency for significant rather than nonsignificant evidence of constraint to be published earlier, it will be interesting to see the patterns that emerge from future studies in wild populations.
Although rare, other estimates of multivariate genetic constraint in the literature have provided stronger evidence of constraint (Blows et al. 2004; Hine and Blows 2006; Smith and Rausher 2008; Lewis et al. 2011; Simonsen and Stinchcombe 2011; Gosden et al. 2012; Williams et al. 2012; Teplitsky et al. 2014).
Such an approach can be used to indicate which aspects of trophic biomechanics tend to be correlated, whether they have evolved rapidly or exhibit evidence of constraint, and whether there are significant biomechanical differences between the related members of separate trophic groups.
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and ii. is there evidence of constraints on the parameters of the on/off model when the model is fitted to single cell data?
The observations provided further evidence of constraints contributing to life-history evolution in mammals, probably through interplay between drift and selection.
If the rate of substitution or polymorphism is lower than neutral, it is evidence of selective constraint or purifying natural selection acting to prevent change and preserve function in the face of mutational damage.
The ENCODE project pilot phase had previously described several functional regions that showed no evidence of evolutionary constraint [23].
We analyzed 23S rRNA genes from genomes representing 184 prokaryotic species to examine for evidence of ribosomal constraint of rRNA structures at the intragenomic level.
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