The material sourced provides the information from which evidence, conclusions and recommendations are drawn.
Evaluations identified weaknesses in many published accounts of research, including lack of methodological detail and failure to evidence conclusions.
Background: The Navigation Guide is a novel systematic review method to synthesize scientific evidence and reach strength of evidence conclusions for environmental health decision making.
The results of this case study demonstrate the application of a systematic and transparent methodology, via the Navigation Guide, for reaching strength of evidence conclusions in environmental health.
Importantly, consistent with IARC's strength of evidence conclusions for cancer end points (IARC 2006), "sufficient evidence of toxicity" in humans would result in a "known to be toxic" final conclusion, regardless of the nonhuman evidence rating.
If the human level-of-evidence conclusion of no health effect is supported by animal evidence of no health effect, the hazard identification conclusion is "not identified".
Hazard identification conclusions are reached by integrating the highest level-of-evidence conclusion for a health effect(s) from the human and the animal evidence streams.
When the data provide evidence of no health effect, the level-of-evidence conclusion for human data from step 6 is considered together with the level-of-evidence for health effects conclusion for nonhuman animal data.
When the data support a health effect, the level-of-evidence conclusion for human data from step 6 ("high," "moderate," or "low") is considered together with the level of evidence for nonhuman animal data to reach one of four hazard identification conclusions.
