Venous blood samples (8 ml) were drawn from a forearm vein of every subject after venous occlusion for a few seconds in a sitting position, after an overnight fast of 12 h and abstention from alcohol use for at least 12 h.
ETCO2 measurements was obtained by continuous oral/nasal side stream capnometry and vital signs were recorded every 15 min. Venous blood gases analyses were obtained every 1 2 hours with simultaneous recorded ETCO2, (RR).
Abatacept will be administered by venous infusion every 4 weeks.
In every patient lower extremities venous ultrasound with B-mode compression test was performed three times (before surgery and in the 4th and 7th day after surgery) by experienced physician.
infusion, by peripheral venous catheter, every 3 weeks.
In ICUs, physicians insert many central venous catheters every year.
Plasma glucose (PG) control was evaluated with a reference quality measurement on venous blood every 15 min. The overall mean PG was 158 mg/dL, with 68% of PG values in the range of 70 180 mg/dL.
BG was measured in venous blood every 1 2 h during intravenous insulin infusion and in capillary blood before and 2 h after each meal during subcutaneous insulin using a bedside glucometer (Ascensia Elite XL, Bayer, Tarrytown, NY).
Due to difficulties in continuous monitoring simultaneous with surgery, blood gas analysis (BGA) was conducted using blood drawn from the internal jugular vein via a central venous catheter every 30 minutes (at admission and from initiation to completion of surgery).
Normoglycemia was maintained by adjusting the rate of a 20% glucose infusion based on plasma glucose measurements from arterialized venous blood every 5 min. Wholebody insulin sensitivity was determined from the glucose infusion rate required to maintain normoglycemia between 30 and 360 min [ 19].
