Exact(13)
Dimerization of these receptor subunits in response to the binding of type I interferons (IFNα or IFNβ) causes the activation of Janus kinase (Jak) family members, Jak1 and Tyk2, which eventually activate the signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat1 and Stat2) proteins [23].
Both cytokines eventually activate a kinase cascade that leads to the phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitylation and degradation of IκB, allowing the nuclear translocation and activation of NF-κB [17].
Both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways will eventually activate caspase-3, a predominant effector to cleave the signaling components that effect morphological changes associated with apoptosis.
These cells engulf invading microbes and start producing a number of cytokines and chemokines that eventually activate lymphocytes, thereby triggering adaptive immune responses.
Signalling pathways relay information by transmitting signals from cell surface receptors to intracellular effectors that eventually activate the transcription of target genes.
Signalling consists of multiple sequential events which relay information by transmitting signals from cell surface receptors to intracellular effectors that eventually activate the transcription of target genes.
Similar(47)
In S. cerevisiae, the activated sensors initiate the signaling cascade that eventually activates a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, Slt2)., Activation of Slt2 triggers the phosphorylation of the transcriptional regulators Rlm1 and Swi4/Swi6, which regulate the transcription of cell wall synthesis-related genes.
Neurons representing the CS kicked off this 'relay' of activation, which eventually activated US representing neurons at the appropriate time (Levy et al., 2005; Howe and Levy, 2007).
Studies suggest that mechanical ventilation can lead to the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, then induce the activation of PKC, eventually activating c-fos causing lung injury [ 23].
In response to insect attack, plants usually show an ethylene burst which eventually activates polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and proteinase inhibitor activities [98].
We can see that ATM is the transductor gene for the DNA damage signal, which eventually activates p53 through inactivation of MDM2.
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