When these cells were supplied with exogenous Oct4, the upregulation of Cdx2 was also impeded even though the level of transiently expressed exogenous Oct4 was on average about 10% of the endogenous level in untreated ES cells.
Even though exogenous PDX1 is not required for the conversion observed here, we found that exogenous PDX1 increased INS expression by two fold.
Even though exogenous signal did not affect the growth of signal-defective (lasI) cheats in the liquid phase of the microcosms, it is known that signalling occurs in biofilms [ 13], and concentration of signal in a biofilm may be sufficient for QS, even when concentrations in the media are not [ 5].
Consistent with this, Stat1 basal activation was detectably elevated at 10 weeks-of-age even though exogenous interferon stimulation was not able to induce the high level of Stat1 activation observed in age-matched MRL mice.
Of importance, even though the half-lives in liver and spleen were 1 1.5 h, the exogenous GCases in liver and spleen remained stable in terms of their intrinsic catalytic activity as assessed by CRIM-SA.
Remarkably, even though the activity of the CYP24A1 reporter was sensitive to exogenous VDR and 1,25(OH)2D3 in these cells (Figure 2A), like TCF7L2, endogenous CYP24A1 mRNA was not, despite transfection optimization that allowed us to achieve 60% efficiency (Figure 2B).
Expression of the AP-1 transcription factors has been observed in differentiating myogenic (C2C12) cells even though exogenous expression of c-Jun has been shown to repress myogenesis.
These results suggest that the reducing power with respect to exogenous ketones is also supplied by the respiratory system, even though the supply of reductants is limited.
Three distinct colors were used to guide exogenous attention, to make the control task look similar to the reward task, even though the three colors were not associated with any value.
It has consistently been observed in such assays that exogenous transgenes in bacterial plasmid-based vectors are efficiently silenced within the first several weeks after injection, even though the DNA is still present in the nucleus of the hepatocytes [ 20].
