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The status of evaluative conditioning (EC) as a distinct form of associative learning was called in question by Field and Davey (1997, 1998, 1999), who argued that in the typical visual EC paradigm, nonassociative visual concept learning is responsible for the evaluative changes observed.
Furthermore, all these fMRI findings are concerned with ongoing evaluative changes in activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex which occur both later in time and over longer periods, compared to the early transient burst of activity to infant faces at around 130 msec found with MEG in the present study.
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Using the framework of Kirshner and Guyatt (1985), it is intended as a descriptive measurement (to determine incidence and severity of side effects), as well as evaluative (to examine changes in side effects due to dexamethasone between cycles of chemotherapy).
In this evaluative context, where change from baseline is the efficacy endpoint, frame or response shift can be a significant concern and a threat to internal validity.
By design the scores of an evaluative instrument should change over time in response to treatment, making responsiveness the more important characteristic [ 35].
The recorded material added an evaluative dimension to these changes, providing information on how the professionals see such changes.
Thirdly, through a comparison between the first and second exercises, the desk review was to call attention to how fully UNICEF has drawn on a decade of evaluative conclusions in making changes to policy, programming and operations.
Importantly, Gawronski and Bodenhausen argue that a simple negation of existing propositions will not result in changes in evaluative associations (see Gawronski and Bodenhausen 2006 for a detailed description of how implicit and explicit attitudes may change).
In future research, the OKI-DO observational method can be used as an evaluative tool to measure changes in the diabetes-specific interaction patterns across time, e.g., as a result of interventions based on the outcomes of this study.
(2004) suggest that therapy may lead to changes in evaluative self-organisation, but it is also possible that therapy may help individuals to have a clearer and more consistent conception of themselves.
And testimony at trial also revealed that at least one county changed its evaluative standards during the counting process.
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