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For statistical evaluation of differences between different interventions, the percentage change compared with untreated cartilage from the same donors was calculated.
Evaluation of differences between two groups was evaluated using Student's t test.
t test or nonparametric test was used for the evaluation of differences between dependent or independent samples.
Statistical evaluation of differences between normally distributed data was performed with a paired t-test and with Wilcoxon rank sum test when data were not normally distributed.
Data were expressed as mean±S.E.M. Student's t-test, ANOVAs with repeated measures, and one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunnett's t-test were used for statistical evaluation of differences between groups.
For evaluation of differences between two groups Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used.
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Finally, we tested the presented model by numerically calculating the form factor and stored energy in the case of toroidal cavity using COMSOL Multiphysics and withdrew the evaluation of difference between the numerical simulation and analytical calculation based on the model for application in practical axion haloscope experiments.
The Grosshansdorf cohort does not include healthy smokers, therefore no re-evaluation of differences between groups could be performed.
t-test was used for evaluations of differences between groups.
We demonstrate this process in an evaluation of differences in usability between a spreadsheet program (Microsoft® Excel) and a commercially available clinical research data management system (Phase Forward Clintrial™).
This software allows the evaluation of differences in annotation between two groups of data.
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