Sentence examples for evaluating causality from inspiring English sources

Sir Austin Bradford Hill identified several criteria for evaluating causality in epidemiological studies.

The question of evaluating causality in epidemiologi-cal data is often approached by applying the so-called "Hill Criteria" developed by Sir Austen Bradford Hill (Hill, 1965).

Scores obtained by applying a published index for evaluating causality of drug related liver toxicity were poorly correlated with the clinical judgement of clinicians (see Table 2).

Twenty-seven patients (9.4%) had TE complications, and nine of these events (3.1%) were thought by a panel of experts evaluating causality retrospectively to be highly related to rFVIIa.

Because of this multicausality, this criterion may not always be applicable to evaluating causality in areas such as mental health, where family dynamics and other social issues can play such a prominent role.

Several methods exist for evaluating causality, including the Naranjo scale, 12 13 the Food and Drug Administration FDAalgorithmthm, 14 16 the Kramer scale, 13 17 the Liverpool scale 18 and the WHO scale.

Features characterizing a well-designed observational study include clearly defined research questions, careful selection of an appropriate data source, consultation with investigators with relevant methodological expertise, inclusion of sensitivity analyses, caution not to overinterpret small but significant differences, and recognition of limitations when trying to evaluate causality.

For any application, common sense needs to prevail when considering criteria to evaluate causality.

Third, this study was cross-sectional in nature, therefore it was not possible to evaluate causality.

Siryudthsak et al. introduced this test to evaluate causality among metabolites.

Well-controlled longitudinal studies or clinical trials are needed to evaluate causality and temporal trends.