It is concluded that the parametric approach, here the FVI, is the only one which evaluates vulnerability to floods; whilst although the deterministic approach has limited evaluation of vulnerability, it has a better science base.
In 2013, the United Nations University (UNU) evaluated vulnerability at the national level based on 28 indicators from three societal perspectives: sensitivity, coping capacity, and adaptability.
A general methodology to evaluate vulnerability functions suitable for a probabilistic global risk assessment is proposed.
Shinozuka proposed the concept of the fragility curve using Bayesian statistical method in evaluating vulnerability of a structure to earthquake (Shinozuka et al. 2000, 2001; Singhal and Kiremidjian 1988 , 1996.
In the same year, the World Bank and Columbia University evaluated the vulnerability to multiple hazards and calculated the risk of mortality and economic losses caused by six hazards.
This inconsistency is mainly due to the well-developed economy in these two districts, which leads to their low social vulnerability to heat waves (Fig. 3), a finding that illustrates the importance of considering city specific social and economic characteristics when evaluating vulnerability.
He introduced different methods and tools for evaluating vulnerability of buildings.
Brazil currently lacks integrated place-based assessments of disaster, risk, and vulnerability that cover the country's entire territory, as well as frameworks for evaluating vulnerability for the whole country (Hummell 2013).
Multi-scale measurements of the composition and spatial configuration of disturbance are the basis for evaluating vulnerability of ecosystem services through multi-scale disturbance profiles concerning land-use locations where most of ecosystem service providers reside.
The architecture analysis model was created to evaluate vulnerabilities and mitigation measures with respect to their effect on cyber security.
