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Symptom interference score was evaluated using items 14 19 of the MDASI.
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Because PROMIS item banks were evaluated using item response theory (IRT) [17], scores from any subset of bank items (e.g., custom short form, CAT) produce standardized scores on the same scale, regardless of which items from the bank are included in the measure.
Monotonicity was evaluated using item rest-score regressions, as implemented in the software package MSPWIN [ 59].
Construct validity was evaluated using item-total correlations and convergent and discriminant validity.
Quantification of the sarcomere and z-line thickness was evaluated using iTEM software (Soft Imaging Systems GmbH, Munster, Germany).
Construct validity was evaluated using item-total correlations adjusted for overlaps and an acceptable level was set to ≥0.30 [ 30].
The extent to which each section measured a single underlying concept (i.e., section unidimensionality) was evaluated using item fit statistics and PCA of residual correlations.
This item invariance criterion can be evaluated using differential item functioning to determine whether item bias is present.
General QOL was assessed using the CASP-19, happiness was evaluated using two items drawn from the GHQ-12, and depression was measured with the CES-D.
Neonatal home care practice factor was evaluated using 11 items.
Pain status was evaluated using five items concerning pain experience from the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire [ 23]; we did not use the full questionnaire, as it measures likelihood of developing a persistent pain problem and related disability.
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