Adaptive immune responses in16 vaccine recipients and two placebo recipients after the 2nd immunization were evaluated using neutralization assays of sera, as well as ELISpot and ICS assays of cryopreserved PBMCs to assess CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses.
Furthermore, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of antibiotics or AgNPs, or combinations of AgNPs with an antibiotic was evaluated using a series of assays: such as in vitro killing assay, disc diffusion assay, biofilm inhibition, and reactive oxygen species generation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumonia.
Flow can be evaluated using time-of-flight sequence.
Prior to the development of in vitro infection systems, the neutralizing potential of HCV-specific antibodies were evaluated using "neutralization of binding" assays (NOB), where antibodies were screened for their ability to prevent recombinant viral E2 glycoprotein binding to mammalian cells (Rosa et al., 1996).
Multispecies biofilms were incubated in the co-culture model for 4 and 24 h and the viability of the epithelial cells ± active treatments (CHX and RSV) evaluated using a metabolic assay of 10% v/v alamarBlue®, according to the manufacturer's instructions (Life Technologies, Paisley, UK).
Anti-bacterial effect was evaluated using a series of assays, such as the anti-bacterial activity assay according to the Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z 2801: 2010, the bacterial inhibition ring assay, and the visualization of bacteria on samples by scanning electron microscopy.
Furthermore, the biocompatibility of as-prepared AuNPs was evaluated using a series of assays, such as cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase leakage, and reactive oxygen species generation (ROS) in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231).
The biocompatibility of the MCs was evaluated using MTT assay.
Owing to this complexity, its antithrombotic potency cannot be defined by physicochemical methods and is therefore evaluated using an enzymatic assay of anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity.
Second, the assay was evaluated using artificial mixtures of different ratios of genomic DNA concentrations.
