Surface topography of chitosan membranes was evaluated using an XE-100 atomic force microscope (Park Systems) with a scan size of 5 nm and a scan rate of 0.15 Hz in noncontact mode.
The tribological characteristics of carbon and lubricant layers were evaluated using an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
The effects of tube length, liquid volume, deposition time, the profile of the Ba2+ concentration in the outlet and the pressure drop in the tubing were evaluated using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS) and pressure transducer methods.
Water-soluble non-conjugated thienyl tetraynes (3 6) were synthesized and their DNA cleaving activity was evaluated using electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) transformation techniques.
In order to clearly display dislocation structures and atoms with high displacement, the slip vector calculation was used to present atomic colors, as shown in Fig. 4. The slip vector shows another kind of strain distribution which was evaluated using the atomic position difference from the initial position to the specified position.
The roughness of the graphene, evaluated using atomic force microscopy, shows a good correlation with the ODF determined using polarized Raman spectroscopy, showing how the Raman technique may be employed to quantify the spatial orientation of graphene.
The film microstructures were evaluated by using an atomic force microscope (AFM), a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM), a glancing angle X-ray diffractometry (GAXRD) and a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
The surface roughness and residual stress of the Ni xZn film, which was regarded to an under bump metallization (UBM), were evaluated using atomic force microscope (AFM) and the curvature measurement.
The wettability of the surfaces was examined using dynamic contact angle measurements, and the surface morphology was evaluated using atomic force microscopy.
The microstructure properties of the asphalt mixtures were evaluated using Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).
