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This study's researchers evaluated translations in order to obtain a consensus for a single Portuguese version.
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To test the system, Google had human raters evaluate translations on a scale from 0 to 6. Translating from English to Spanish, the new Google tool's translation was rated an average of 5.43; human translators earned an average of 5.5.
It has been noted that although in principle capable of evaluating translations of any language, BLEU cannot in its present form deal with languages lacking word boundaries.
DIF analyses may also be employed to evaluate cross-cultural response differences, e.g. by country or ethnicity or to evaluate translations of questionnaire items.
It is concluded that matrix targeting is promising, but that clinical studies are required to evaluate translation.
To gain mechanistic insight into how Tia1 binding to these sequences controls mRNA translation we cloned the p53 3′UTR downstream of a renilla luciferase reporter gene and used a HEK293 cell system to evaluate translation.
To further evaluate translation initiation complexes, we immunoprecipitated eIF4E and examined interacting proteins (Fig. 1d).
It is not clear whether different cell lines, cell synchronization protocols or methods to evaluate translation efficiency (ribosome vs. polysome profiling) account for the observed differences.
Research should also evaluate translation and implementation, using approaches such as "train-the-trainer", which would use paraprofessional staff at AL facilities.
Species-specific tRNA adaptation index (tAI), a measurement that evaluates translation efficiency of coding sequences [ 17], was predicted for each gene based on tRNA pool in that species.
More recently, ribosome profiling data have also been proposed as a proxy for protein abundance [ 58, 59], and this method is proving useful to evaluate translation deregulation in diseased states [ 60 62].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com