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In the second model, we evaluated differences between the estimates using the minimum amount of overlap between consecutive surveys.
We evaluated differences between the two study groups using the χ2 test and Fisher exact test for categorical data and the Student t-test and Mann–Whitney U test for continuous data, according to whether data were normally distributed.
We evaluated differences between the two interventions by using a linear mixed model with random nested factors of "patient" and "exercise group".
To assess site-to-site variations in the MRI data, we bootstrapped the random effects residuals of the fits (i.e. the unexplained within-person variation and noise) and evaluated differences between the MRI centres by analysis of variance.
For variables that varied between the two examination days, such as tea consumption or number of cigarettes smoked on that day, we evaluated differences between the two groups using mixed-effect regression models (PROC MIXED in SAS 9.2, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).
When we evaluated differences between the customized and expanded SAPS II model, we found that seven ICUs had SMRs significantly different from 1 according to the customized SAPS II model but not according to the expanded SAPS II model (e.g. ICU A in Fig. 1).
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Therefore, these findings were not considered signs of aseptic loosening [19] and statistical analysis evaluating differences between the groups was not performed.
The χ tests were used for categorical variables to evaluate differences between the groups.
We therefore used the mean CT value to evaluate differences between the three pathological types.
The t-test was used to evaluate differences between the group means.
Two-way ANOVA was performed to evaluate differences between the groups.
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