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We evaluated departure from linearity by fitting a linear-quadratic γ x,d) = γ0 x) × (1 + β d + θ d ) dose response model.
We also evaluated departure from multiplicativity for variables describing the duration, intensity, and timing of active smoking or exposure to passive smoking.
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We also evaluated departures from multiplicativity by incorporating product terms between continuous exposures, expressed as a 10 units increase, and covariates a priori specified as likely to modify iAs-pregnancy loss associations into additional regression models.
We used a case-only study design to evaluate departure from multiplicativity between acetylation status and smoking status.
GENEPOP 4.07 [ 20] was used to evaluate departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and pairwise genic differentiation among breeds [ 21].
Given the potential heterogeneity of the study population, interaction between all variables included in the final model was extensively assessed by evaluating departure from multiplicative model.
Time-dependent variables provide a flexible method to evaluate departure from non-proportionality and an approach to building a model for the dependence of relative risk over time.
The APAB proportion of disease attributable to the interaction was calculated as APAB = (S − 1) ÷ S. A multiple logistic model was used to evaluate departure from additivity, in which terms for confounding factors were also included (Rothman 1986).
We extended model 1 to to evaluate departure from linearity, where δ i reflects concavity (δ i < 0) or convexity (δ i > 0) of the ERRs with cumulative exposure for the ith concentration category.
Gene-environment interactions were tested by evaluating departures from multiplicative interaction models by including main effect variables and multiplicative interaction terms in the logistic regression model with Wald statistic [ 45].
Statistics for evaluating departures of allele frequency spectra from neutrality (Tajima's D, Fu and Li's D* and F*, and Fu's Fs values) were computed using DnaSP, version 4.10 (Rozas et al 2003).
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