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We evaluated birth outcomes and average daily Ta during various prenatal exposure periods in Massachusetts (USA) using both traditional Ta stations and modeled address Ta.
Many studies that evaluated birth events used the address of the mother at the time of birth, as found on the birth certificate.
Three studies evaluated birth deffects but none identified a significant increase with 2,4-D exposure (Schreinemachers, 2003; Weselak et al., 2008; Waller et al., 2010).
Of the five studies that evaluated birth length, none found any association (Drouillet-Pinard et al. 2010; Gundacker et al. 2010; Lederman et al. 2008; Ramon et al. 2009; Sikorski et al. 1986).
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Hence, for consistency, we evaluated births after 1997.
For SGA births, three categorizations were evaluated: births weighing <5th and <10th percentiles based on sex- and race-specific weight by gestational week norms from New Jersey and births weighing less <10th percentile based on sex-specific growth curves for California [ 4, 9].
Attend the required number of evaluated births as a student doula.
Other researchers when evaluating birth by cesarean delivery in developing countries have demonstrated this fact [ 4].
For the main study, a linear regression analysis was used to evaluate birth weight, birth length, and gestational age as predictors of AGD.
Although, fairly recently, some researchers have used the instrument in interventions studies to evaluate birth balls [ 41] and for evaluating educational software [ 42].
In a twin study evaluating birth weight and lifetime tic severity, the twin with lower birth weight had higher tic scores measured with Shapiro Symptom Check List and YGTSS [ 25].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com