We suggest using vocal gap deviation in future studies to assess vocal performance in songbird species with complex structure.
The majority of studies in the literature have evaluated vocal educational programs by means of objective measurement instruments with focus on vocal characteristics [ 8, 10, 11].
We introduced a new measure of vocal performance, the 'vocal gap deviation'.
When a male sings the same exact song to a female (i.e. a potential evaluator of his vocal performance), the brain regions involved in vocal motor control are active, but the anterior vocal pathway circuits are not.
Vocal music students audition to perform in one of 13 vocal performance groups.
These experiments indicate that the male songbird's cognitive state during vocal performance is distinctly different when the male perceives that his song has the potential to be evaluated.
It is hypothesized that counseling results in good vocal quality, adequate vocal performance, and appropriate vocal hygiene.
It is generally accepted that vocal performance decreases with age.
Just as impressive is the vocal performance.
It's a crazy vocal performance".
A carnatic vocal performance featuring Ruchita Balasubramanian '19.
