Exact(2)
Furthermore, instead of adopting the commonly used finite difference approximation, we make use of sensitivity equations to evaluate the gradient of the objective function in the optimization procedure, previously mentioned in (28).
In order to estimate the incremental health outcomes arising from waste exposure each year it is necessary to evaluate the gradient of the dose-response relationship between the WI and the health outcomes observed after controlling for the socioeconomic factors [ 18, 26].
Similar(58)
A novel, efficient and mathematically rigorous continuum based sensitivity method is introduced that can be used to accurately evaluate the gradients of the objective function and constraints in the optimization-based design of multi-stage deformation processes.
These four variances are then employed to evaluate the gradient ∇g y) of the input pixel y, which is defined as ∇ g ( y ) = K ( H ) 2 + K ( V ) 2 + K ( L D ) 2 + K ( R D ) 2 (6).
Δ=1 offers the best approximation, however, taking into account that half of the rows are discarded, then Δ needs to be 2 while evaluating the gradients of the surrounding pixels of a discarded pixel.
This approach evaluates the gradients of the surrounding pixels for each discarded pixel, and then, the dominant direction is determined [23], where PCA can be implemented by evaluating the singular value decomposition (SVD) [24] of the data.
As a specific application case, we evaluate the estimation of the gradient and the unevenness of sidewalks through machine learning from the sensor information and users' subjective information during the passage of strollers to show the effectiveness of this technique.
In our previous work, we had to use a MCMC protocol to numerically evaluate the derivative of the gradient (see. eq. 7), which was a computationally demanding task.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximal-distal gradient of mean cerebral blood flow velocity (CBF-V) in middle cerebral artery (MCA) as a possible indicator of critical vasospasm.
In initial experiments, a 350,000 g/mol poly methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) standard is used to evaluate the effects of temperature gradient and temperature gradient programming on the measurements.
To evaluate the cephalo-caudal gradient of aeration [ 13], a whole lung scan was performed during the PEEP titration manoeuvre at ZEEP in end-expiratory pause (one animal) and at a PEEP of 8 cmH2O in end-inspiratory pause (two animals).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com