Mammalian genes whose expression is known to evade translational arrest triggered by eIF2 phosphorylation include ATF4 (Lu et al., 2004; Vattem and Wek, 2004), PPP1R15A (a.k.a. GADD34) (Lee et al., 2009), ATF5 (Watatani et al., 2008; Zhou et al., 2008; Hatano et al., 2013), and DDIT3 (a.k.a. CHOP) (Jousse et al., 2001; Chen et al., 2010).
Certain pathogens evade the host defence by triggering the TLR2-mediated biased anti-inflammatory effects or prevent recognition by TLRs [ 47].
Unlike most pathogens where exposure leads to lasting immunity in the host, influenza A virus presents a moving antigenic target, evading specific immunity triggered by previous infections.
Despite efforts to catch and relocate the otter, the clever critter evaded the traps for days, managing to eat the bait in the traps without triggering them.
Triggering the endocytosis of host molecule(s) that inhibit TLR9 signaling and transport virus particles toward TLR9, out of contact with TLR7, could represent a new mechanism by which HCV evades the immune system.
The lack of immune gene up-regulation by DENV infection that we observed could be due to the virus evading or failing to trigger an immune response, or alternatively to an active immune suppression mechanism.
For therapeutic purposes it is also important to understand how OS cells evade Fas-induced cell death triggered by the interaction of Fas with FasL.
It has been recently shown that antioxidant pathways are activated by cancer cells to evade anoikis, a cell death program triggered by detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM) [ 145 ].
To establish a long-lasting mutual relationship with their hosts, mutualistic microbes need to suppress or evade local host immune responses that are triggered in plant roots upon recognition of alien organisms [ 138].
It has also been suggested that birdsong became his way of evading responsibility for the musical revolution he had unwittingly triggered in his radical piano pieces, and whose subsequent development into total serialism he found hard to accept.
